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Academic ResearchJuly 27, 2026Information Technology & Tourism (Springer)

A Systematic literature review of AI-based service failure and service recovery in hospitality and tourism industries using the TCCM framework

A PRISMA-based systematic review of 78 empirical studies (2018–2025) on AI-based service failure and recovery in hospitality and tourism, synthesized through the TCCM (Theory, Context, Characteristics, Methodology) framework. The review shows the field is fragmented across contexts, constructs, and methods, and dominated by scenario-based experiments — and it lays out a TCCM-informed research agenda plus practical guidance for scenario-specific AI service recovery strategies.

Authors

Yu Zhang, Yue Yuan

Article content

What the paper studied

As AI-based services proliferate in hospitality and tourism (chatbots, service robots, AI assistants), service failures — and how AI systems recover from them — have become a critical concern. Systematic reviews of AI-based service recovery in this space, however, remain scarce. Following PRISMA guidelines, the authors screened 78 empirical studies from 2018 to 2025 published in SSCI/SCI-indexed or top-tier hospitality and tourism journals, and applied the TCCM (Theory, Context, Characteristics, Methodology) framework to synthesize their theoretical foundations, research contexts, focal variables, and methodological designs.

Key findings

  • Research on AI-based service recovery is fragmented across contexts, constructs, and methodological designs.
  • The literature is dominated by scenario-based experiments, with less real-world field evidence.
  • The TCCM synthesis surfaces both what is well studied and clear understudied areas that need targeted exploration.

Why it matters for hospitality and tourism

AI is now front-line: chatbots handle bookings and complaints; service robots deliver food and check guests in. When those systems fail, how they recover shapes customer trust, repurchase intent, and word-of-mouth. This review gives operators and researchers a map of what the evidence base actually supports — and where practitioners are still flying blind because the research is fragmented or lab-bound.

Practical takeaways

  • Treat AI service recovery as a design discipline, not an afterthought — the review shows recovery strategy meaningfully shapes customer response.
  • Be cautious generalizing from scenario-based studies to live operations; field evidence is thinner than the volume of published research suggests.
  • Use scenario-specific recovery playbooks (chatbot vs. service robot vs. voice assistant; hotel vs. restaurant vs. travel agency) rather than a one-size-fits-all recovery flow.

Tags

Artificial IntelligenceService RobotsChatbotsGuest ExperienceHospitalityTourismSystematic Review

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